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Batch and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis were applied to the identification of selenium in aqueous solution containing selenite (Se(IV)O32-) and selenate (Se(VI)O42-) ranging from 10 to 1000mg-Se/L, respectively. Se K-edge XANES spectra were detected by means of a multi-channel silicon drift detector (SDD). Furthermore, the oxidation state of selenium was identified by measuring...
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that is produced from vegetable oils and fat tissues. Biodiesel is mixed with diesel fuel and then is used in combustion engines. One of advantage of biodiesel is its less pollution in comparison with diesel fuels. Sound and vibration resulting from the combustion in engines have direct effects on users. One of the important properties of diesel fuels is high noise and...
Lubrication systems of combustion engines offer a large potential for energy conservation and reduction of emissions. Different approaches include variable oil pumps to adjust oil pressure and flow rates to the engines requirements or thermal management to reduce the viscosity of the engine oil. For both of these systems the fuel conservation during physical tests is typically much smaller than the...
At present, diesel injection systems are desirable due to their advanced technology and balance between performance and consumption. However, there are still some problems that this technology is not yet able to overcome. One of these is corrosion. In the Common Rail Injection (CRI) system, one important component subject to corrosion attack is the nozzle. This part of the injector is the only component...
The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pyrolysis parameters on product yields with experimental and to evaluate of results with the regression models. For this purpose; hornbeam sawdust was used as a biomass sample in the experiments. Variables investigated were pyrolysis temperature between 300 and 800°C and heating rates between 50 and 700°C/min. The experimental results...
The study on heat transfer behavior and slag deposition of membrane wall was conducted in a pilot-scale pulverized coal membrane wall-lined entrained-flow gasifier of 30ton/day-class. Based on the normal slag discharging, the average flux heat of membrane wall in gasifier corresponding to employed coal including Beisu, Baodian, Tianba and Nantun was about 80–200kW/m 2 . According to pilot...
Oxy-fuel combustion technique is a viable option to reduce several types of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from the pulverized coal (PC) combustion systems. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling study has been developed in order to investigate the Victorian brown coal combustion in a 550MW utility boiler under the air-fired (reference case) and three oxy-fuel-fired scenarios...
We employed an Initial Value approach, so as to integrate the compressional wave propagation velocity data, to determine the thermo-physical properties of heavy oil samples. We present our results for several thermo-physical characteristics of the heavy oil, including isothermal compressibility, thermal expansivity, isobaric heat capacity, and the Joule–Thomson coefficient, for the temperatures between...
In this paper, we investigate three different gasifiers for hydrogen production, namely, downdraft gasifier (DG), circulating fluidized bed gasifier (CFBG) and plasma gasifier (PG) as taken from the literature under Cases 1–3, respectively. These cases are then modified for cogeneration of hydrogen and power. We use the specific exergy cost (SPECO) method to calculate exergy-related parameters and...
In this work a method to determine the ignition delay of Diesel surrogate fuels using data from a constant volume combustion bomb is presented. The studied fuels are n-heptane (a common PRF) and a mixture of 50% of n-heptane and 50% of toluene (in mass) because both fuels have been proposed as Diesel fuel surrogates under HCCI. There are different concepts of spontaneous ignition times in engines...
Questions about the future availability of inexpensive coal supplies are rising. In this paper a numerical model is developed to investigate the evolution of the international market for steam coal used for electricity generation. The “COALMOD-World” model is an equilibrium model that computes future trade flows, infrastructure investments and prices until 2030. The model includes the major domestic...
Experiments and computational simulations were used to study effects of diluents on laminar flame speeds of stoichiometric, laminar, premixed dimethyl ether (DME)/air flames. The experiments were conducted in a constant volume bomb under initial temperature of 298K and initial pressure of 0.1MPa. Outwardly propagating spherical flames were used to measure the laminar flame speeds of mixtures with...
Eight kinds of amino acids including L-Serine (Ser), L-Asparagine (Asn), L-Asparticacid (Asp), L-Glutamicacid (Glu), DL-Alanine (Ala), L-lysine (Lys), L-Histidine (His) and L-Arginine (Arg) are tested as substrates of single-chambered air–cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with domestic wastewater as inoculation. Their total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in solution are standardized as 720mgL...
This study investigates the combustion performance of synthetic gas that is composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and steam, and evaluates the dilution effect of the last three gases. Combustion tests of a model GE7EA industrial gas turbine are conducted at ambient pressure and the air inlet temperature of 380°C. NO x and CO emissions, combustion instabilities, flame...
An experimental study was performed to analyze the combustion processes of JP-8 and fossil Diesel fuel in an optically-accessible single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with a high pressure common-rail injection system. In terms of emission, JP-8 emitted less smoke with more HC and NOx. Direct imaging and two-color thermometry were applied to verify the emission trend for both fuels. The...
Corrosion is a relevant issue regarding the problem of biodiesel compatibility with polymers and metals. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the natural light incidence and temperature in the corrosion rate of brass and copper immersed in commercial biodiesel as well as biodiesel degradation after the contact with metallic ions. The characterization of corrosion behavior was performed by weight...
This work reports the measured spray structure and droplet size distributions of ethanol-gasoline blends for a low-pressure, multi-hole, port fuel injector (PFI). This study presents previously unavailable data for this class of injectors which are widely used in automotive applications. Specifically, gasoline, ethanol, and gasoline-ethanol blends containing 10%, 20% and 50% ethanol were studied using...
Trace elements in coal combustion ash products are potentially hazardous to the environment and some of them have high carcinogenic potency. They also have the potential to bioaccumulate providing the major limiting factor for safe disposal or beneficiation of the coal combustion ash products. The various forms and oxidation states of the trace elements may determine the ultimate environmental fate...
This study investigates the modification of bitumen separately with two novel additive materials: Organic-based Calcium Compound (OBCC) and Organic-based Boric Acid Compound (OBBAC). These compounds were synthesized chemically at laboratory conditions. 50/70 penetration grade bitumen was modified with OBCC and OBBAC at the concentrations of 1% (w/w), 2% (w/w), 3% (w/w), 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w). Conventional...
Basic properties are reported for a previously undocumented biofuel mixture of refined, bleached and deodorized soybean oil–butanol and its pure components according to ASTM standards. Kay’s mixing rule was used to predict relative density and higher heating values based on mixture composition while the Grunberg–Nissan approach was used to predict the viscosity–composition relationship. Absolute average...
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